税收流失的博弈研究

本文认为税收流失是经济现象在税收领域的反映,体现的是纳税人采取各种手段与税务机关的博弈过程。由此,引入博弈论的方法,并提出应对思路,以期对加强税收管理工作起到一定的积极作用。     

企业社会责任的税法透视

本文从理论角度阐述了税法促使企业履行社会责任的作用机理,并分析了我国现行税法在这方面的缺失,最后从促进企业履行社会责任的角度出发,提出了进一步加强我国税法制度建设的相关建议。     

Do tax sparing agreements contribute to the attraction of FDI in developing countries?

Measuring the effects of taxation on FDI in developing countries requires consideration of the tax sparing provision. This provision signed between developed and developing countries protects host country fiscal incentives for FDI. This paper estimates the impact of tax sparing provisions on Japanese outbound FDI between 1989 and 2000. We find evidence that the tax sparing provision influences positively the location of Japanese FDI, even after having taken into account reversal causality. JEL Classification F23 · H25 · H32 We Thank Michael Devereux, Edward Graham, Robert Lipsey, David Margolis, Claudia Rivas, Deborah Swenson, anonymous referees and seminar participants at the Franco-Korean conference in Seoul, and at the Western Economic Association conference in Vancouver for helpful discussions.     

Profit tax competition and formula apportionment

We analyze corporate income tax competition with international capital mobility when the common tax base is allocated to governments according to an apportionment formula. Labor can be either internationally mobile or immobile. We compare the Nash equilibria for different apportionment methods. Tax competition produces lower tax rates the more elastically the formula share responds to tax rate changes. More specifically, equilibrium tax rates are typically lowest when apportionment is based on property-shares, followed by payroll- and sales-shares apportionment. Compared to their cooperative levels, equilibrium tax rates are too low for property-share apportionment but tend to be too high for the other formulas. JEL Classification H77 · H25 · F23     

Housing Finance Arrangements,Wealth Positioning and Housing Consumption in Japan: An Analysis of Built-for-sale Homeowners

Home purchase is financed through equity and debt. Housing finance arrangements require initial downpayments and impose monthly repayments. Similar to many countries, Japanese households accumulate savings out of their current income and receive private transfers from parents or relatives. From the survey conducted by the Ministry of Land, Transportation and Infrastructure from 1992 to 2000, the paper analyses the time spell until built-for sale homebuyers have amassed sufficient equity to meet the downpayment requirement. For the first-time buyers, private aid in form of cash was the dominant component of equity besides own savings. The innovative feature of our paper is to categorize the households into four classes of positive versus negative excess savings and positive versus negative excess “luck” as other equity sources including private transfers get termed here. For each category we estimate the duration of the accumulation process, and perform a sensitivity analysis that compares the spells under varying amounts of GHLC-loans with other types of mortgages. Since GHLC-loans are means-tested, they can effectively counteract the regressive effects arising from income; but as we will show they cannot really speed up the access in favour of the poorer strata. This finding sheds light on a growing wealth disparity that causes self-selection in ownership access.     

东盟与中日韩(10+3)税收协调战略框架

近年来东盟与中日韩(以下简称“10 3”)区域一体化发展步伐加快,对本地区的税收政策协调提出了现实的要求。本文主要考察了“10 3”税收协调的现状和面临的困难,认为目前“10 3”税收协调主要还停留在关税协调层面,国内税制的协调,除签署双边税收协定以外,基本没有涉及;而税收协定网络并不健全,有些国家签署的税收协定很少;国际税收管理方面的协调与合作尚未形成有效机制。针对“10 3”各成员国发展水平差异大,经济互补性与竞争性并存,区域一体化程度低但合作形式多样、内容广泛等现实特点,提出“10 3”税收协调的战略框架,即分两个层次:近期的预防性税收协调措施和长期的税收协调机制的建立和完善。在此基础上还就中国的税收应对措施提出了若干建议。     

中国与东盟成员国转让定价税务管理的比较

中国和东盟成员国同属发展中国家,都实行对外开放和吸引外资的经济政策,而且也都面临着外商投资企业滥用转让定价的问题。本文通过比较中国和东盟成员国转让定价税务管理的立法情况、审查和调整方法、预约定价管理、文档管理、处罚规定和审查力度等方面的异同,发现中国现阶段转让定价税务管理中的不足之处,并提出切实可行的改进建议。     

国际税收协定与反避税

税收协定除对所得消除双重征税外,还有防止偷逃税(“财政逃避”)的重要目的。税收协定和反避税之间的关系十分紧密,反避税是税收协定的一个重要内容,是各国谈签协定的主旨之一。本文从反避税角度对协定中可能出现的协定滥用和避税问题进行了列举,并提出适时修订协定、完善国内法规、有效打击跨国偷逃税活动的建议。     

受控外国公司立法比较研究

很多国家针对利用受控外国公司规避股东所在国税收的情况,对受控外国公司进行了立法,以防止本国居民股东逃避税收。具体办法:只要受控外国公司当期发生了利润,不管这一利润是否分配给股东,股东所在国都可以对本国股东的应得利润进行征税。随着我国对外投资的增加,我国也有必要制定这方面的法律,防止我国居民控制的外国公司利用避税港逃避我国税收。     

企业所得税制改革:进程回顾与配套实施

《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》(以下简称“新企业所得税法”)的通过,实现了内外资企业所得税制的统一,即“两法合并”。“两法合并”的历程是新时期公共决策透明度提高的一个典型案例,表明新一轮税制改革迈出了重要的一步。本文总结了企业所得税制改革的历程和经验,并探讨了其在新一轮税制改革中的重要地位,最后重点分析了新企业所得税法顺利实施所需解决的难题及应采取的配套措施。